REAL WORLD EVENT

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Friendly Forces

The CIA was searching for Mir Aimal Kasi who had killed two Agency employees before fleeing into the border areas between Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran. They needed people who knew the territory, so the Directorate of Operations hired a family of mujahedeen, about 30 agents who had battlefield experience and previous ties to the CIA from having fought the Soviet occupation. Codenamed FD/TRODPINT, these bearded Afghans scoured the countryside in SUVs and motorcycles loaded down with the Agency’s top-flight communications equipment looking for clues to Kasi’s whereabouts. They filed many reports but provided no leads that ultimately helped nab him. When he was finally caught through another source, the DO had a team of Afghan guerillas in the field with no mission. They began to consider assigning them the task of kidnapping Osama Bin Laden at his hideout near the Kandahar airport.
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The CIA is divided into different directorates. The Directorate of Intelligence (DI) is a team of analysts and academics who pore over the latest information coming into the intelligence community, crunch the numbers, and produce reports for our leaders all the way up to the President. The Directorate of Science and Technology builds the gadgets that help the CIA perform its operations, whether it’s a bugging device in a clock that replicates one in a Soviet embassy or a silenced drill that can punch through a wall without alerting anyone on the other side. But the smallest, most secretive branch is the Directorate of Operations (DO), the outfit runs covert operations and sends case officers into other countries to recruit foreign nationals to spy on their own government for money, favors, or for a promise to be brought back to America. Everyone at the low and mid-levels of DO, even staff officers who rarely leave Langley, has a cover job in the government, usually the State Department, with a phone number and fake address. The phone number is “back-stopped,” meaning if you call it a special answering service will pretend that you work there but have just stepped out. Although most officers who do covert action have been directly recruited from the military, the DO recruits its spies from the civilian world, vets them through an intense interview process that lasts almost a year, and then sends them for spy training at a secret base near Williamsburg, VA codenamed The Farm. They do early morning drills practicing spy craft in nearby cities like Richmond. And when they’re ready, they go to stations based in US embassies all over the world.
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Although most CIA spies are divided into regions and local stations, there are several “Centers” in the Agency that handle global issues. The Counterproliferation Division (CPD) handles nuclear trafficking and development while the Counterintelligence Center (CIC) works with the FBI to help catch spies stealing our secrets. But the Counterterrorism Center has been fighting international terrorism since 1985. Created by CIA head William Casey after a series of high-profile terrorist attacks, the CTC is one of the only government agencies whose job is not just to gather information on terrorist groups but also to disrupt and destroy them. Its first chief was Duane "Dewey" Clarridge, a veteran CIA officer who was involved with operations throughout the Cold War. More recently it was headed by Cofer Black, the operative who was credited with helping the French capture Carlos the Jackal in the Sudan in 1994.
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Formed in 1996, this small group of two dozen case officers and analysts tracked Osama Bin Laden and reported on his activities directly to the head of the CTC. Dubbed "The Manson Family" because of their semi-crazed devotion to their job, they spent years during the 1990s writing chilling reports about the threat Bin Laden posed and his repeated boasts that he would launch high-casualty attacks against the United States. These were the first people in the intelligence community to sense that Bin Laden’s group represented a new terrorism: not a type that produced few deaths and a lot of theater but rather a type that would kill thousands if it could.
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Based in Mazar-e-Sharif, this collection of factions united to fight the Taliban after they began to seize power in 1994. Though many NA warlords and fighters were Tajiks, they had Uzbeks, Hazaras, and other ethnic groups in their army. Though they had common interest with the United States, it was difficult to coordinate military action to take out terrorist groups affiliated with the Taliban in the 1990s because of the longstanding rivalry between the NA and Pakistan, an influential country in the region. But after losing their legendary commander, Ahmed Shah Massoud, to assassination just before 9/11, the Alliance found itself the recipient of massive amounts of American aid, logistical support, and direct assaults on the Taliban which helped them swiftly sweep through the country and take power.
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Enemy Forces

Born to a wealthy and powerful Yemeni family in Saudi Arabia in 1957, Bin Laden left the country in 1979 to fight the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Trained in construction and civil engineering, he helped the Muslim fighters, or mujahedeen, with logistical support and financing, and he later became a battlefield commander. This struggle against the Soviets was backed with American, Saudi, and Pakistani support. But after the regime fell, Bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia and quickly lost favor with the regime, becoming a dissident who was disowned by his own family in 1994. Over the next two years he moved to Sudan and began to build a terrorist network of former muj called al Qaeda, or “the Base.” He launched a series of attacks against American soldiers abroad and masterminded the September 11, 2001 attacks which killed at least 2,992 people. He is thought to be hiding along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border or in the semi-autonomous Pakistani tribal areas.
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Afghanistan has never had much of a national army. Lack of resources and tribal society never allowed it. But individual factions could operate extremely well, and with a good knowledge of the lay of the land, these mountain fighters have repeatedly outmaneuvered invading forces. In the late 19th century against the British, and in the late 20th century against the Soviets, the Afghans fought off dominant empires by retreating before their invading armies and then launching protracted, highly effective, and eventually successful guerilla wars. The Taliban's army is a coalition of militias with varying degrees of skill and loyalty to their cause. Many have a history of switching sides before coming under the command of the Taliban. They have good mobility but can’t penetrate defenses or hold positions. In major battles, they have a tendency to rush into the front lines and leave their rear weakly defended and vulnerable to counterattack.

The Taliban are variously led by tribesmen, seasonal conscripts, and foreign volunteers. Many are from Pakistan, America's nominal ally in the war on terror. Some elite units exist, with troops recruited from religious madrasa and led by the mujahedeen of earlier wars. The number changes, but there is a core of about 26,000 troops. Their cavalry units, if they can be called that, use pickup trucks for combat and support missions. Some units have armored vehicles and artillery and even a few tanks, but the Kalashnikov assault rifle is their mainstay.
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Formed around 1988 by Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda helped finance, recruit, transport, and train thousands of fighters from dozens of countries as part of the Afghan resistance against the Soviet Union. The resulting group turned into an international terrorist network after the war. In February 1998, it issued a statement declaring war on all US citizens and allies everywhere they could be found. Its strength further increased in June 2001 when it merged with an Egyptian terrorist group headed by Ayman al-Zawahiri.

al Qaeda has sophisticated tactics for assassination, bombing, hijacking, and kidnapping, with good operational security and long-range planning. Many reports and statements from bin Laden himself indicate that the group is determined to build or steal biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons. Their targets tend to be prominent symbols and public, high-profile buildings. According to former CIA head George Tenet, the organization has increasingly focused on developing puppet groups to carry out attacks in which bin Laden's fingerprints are not detected.

With a global financial network, dozens of affiliated groups, and several thousand recruits, the organization has provided training and support for terrorists fighting in Afghanistan, Algeria, Bosnia, Chechnya, Eritrea, Kosovo, the Philippines, Somalia, Tajikistan, Yemen, Kosovo, as well as North and South America.
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